Diffusion Lab Report Essay Example

Diffusion Lab Report Paper The step by step process was used by the software so that we could see the different kinds of reactions. According to the data found, we found that with high molecular weight compounds are too large to penetrate the molecular weight cut off pores and no simple diffusion can occur. So it seemed like the easiest way for a solute to pass through a semiprivate membrane was, if it either was small enough to pass or had some sort of carrier protein that helped it along. We expected to see continuous results that do not have much difference in the five experiments that are to be reformed. Experiments were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of a cells selectively permeable membrane and the passive processes of simple and facilitated diffusion. The purpose of this experiment was to make observations based on the computerized simulation providing information on the passage of water and solutes through semiprivate membranes, which may be applied to the study of transport mechanisms in living membrane- bounded cells. We hypothesized that when the sucrose concentration will change, the mass will also change. Introduction: A molecular composition of a plasma membrane is selective about what can passes through it. There are two methods of transport which can occur through the plasma membrane. To be discussed first, the method of transportation is called active transport which uses TAP (glucose) or energy to move substances through the membrane. Secondly, the method oaf passive transport does not require the use of TAP (glucose) or energy. During passive transport (or gradient), molecules are moved through the membrane of the cell by the imbalance of molecules and or pressure between the inside and outside of the cell. We will write a custom essay sample on Diffusion Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Diffusion Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Diffusion Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration are all types of passive transports. In a living human body the cells use diffusion as the important transport process through its selectively permeable membrane. Diffusion is defined as the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, which results because of the random movement of particles. Osmosis is the diffusion of water into and out of a selectively permeable membrane. Because of the selectively permeable membrane, nothing but water and other very small particles can be diffused wrought osmosis. Molecules use their kinetic energy as the motivating force in diffusion. Facilitated diffusion occurs when molecules are too large to pass through a membrane or are unable to be dissolved into the lipid bi-liar. The process or act is when the carrier protein molecule located in the membrane combine with solute and transports them down the concentration gradient. Established gradients are due to the pressure of molecules on each side of the membranes wall. Also the membranes pore size and amount of pores depends on the amount of molecules and fluids in the filtrate. Another type of passive rainspout that is not a selective process is called filtration. Furthermore, the process filtration is when the water and solutes pass through a membrane (such as a dialysis membrane) from an area of higher hydrostatic (fluid) pressure into an area of lower hydrostatic pressure; which means that water and solutes would pass through a selectively permeable membrane along the gradient. Finally the last type of passive transport is called osmosis; which is the diffusion of solvents, such as water, through a selectively permeable membrane. This is unlike the rest that are the diffusion of molecules. In ponytails a bit of enfolding plasma membrane surrounds a very small volume of extracurricular fluid containing dissolved molecules. These cell drinking cells are also called fluid-phase endometriosis. The fuse with endmost occurs when the droplet enters the cell. Ponytails is a routine activity of most cells, affording them a nonconsecutive way of sampling the extracurricular fluid, unlike phagocytes. Phagocytes is engulfing of foreign solids by cells. Experiments were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of a cells selectively permeable membrane and the passive recesses of simple and facilitated diffusion.

The Noble Savage †Sociology Essay

The Noble Savage – Sociology Essay Free Online Research Papers The term the â€Å"noble savage† can carry a positive and negative connotation although it is an oxymoron it is a powerful term such that both Charles Mann and Martha Manchaca wrote of it. The noble savage was used by Holmberg do describe a type of Siriono who cared about his or her land but did not have any agency or any form of motivation to carry â€Å"meaningful† life. To me the term noble savage has no meaning because to characterize a person or a group as having no history or having no impact on their environment is ludicrous. The idea of a Noble Savage can be dated back into 1530 when Bartolome de Las Casas gave the term Noble Savage a positive depiction where the Indians were essentially the ideal human being, they were â€Å"natural creature who dwelt, gentle as cows in the terrestrial paradise†. Although it was first introduced by de Las Casas, Holmberg’s mistake popularized the idea of the noble savage, and to this day many of us have the vivid image of Indians being noble and peaceful, teaching the â€Å"white† how to plant vegetation and being a society of conservation. Holmberg’s mistake is still clearly seen in today’s textbooks and all around us as well; as everyday household products like Land O Lake butter where the box depicts an Indian in a terrestrial paradise holding â€Å"pure and wholesome† butter. In Manchaca’s Recovering History Constructing Race Indians were seen as victims agreeing with the concept that Indians lacked agency; the â€Å"noble savage† was one whose life had been disturb by the Spaniards, they were not actors of their own lives but just recipients of what they of what the Spaniards did to them. I think the classification of â€Å"noble savage† by the Spaniards has a lot to do by how Mexicans or Chicanos are seen in general day to day life. Like Manchaca said the mestizos were seen as lower class brutal just like the barbarian in Holmberg’s mistake. Manchaca’s reference of the noble savage is to guide the reader right into the depiction of what a mestizo was to the Spaniards. To this day beauty is classified by having light colored eyes or light skin by many, it’s nonsensical how Holmberg classified the Indians as being savages because they did not change, when we refuse to change our ways of viewing our world and viewing ourselves. The general concept of a mestizo is still in practice today, sadly a lot of the crime that we view in our daily world is blamed on color people whether it be the statement; immigrant’s contribute to our economy but because of them the crime rate has gone up. Sad to say but the how the world views a Chicano or Mexican is largely to blame on the media because of the magnification on the crime rate while minimizing other crime. It is strange how the views of today are greatly influenced by the words of two people. The stereotypes of Mexican, Chicano and Indians have yet to change, but hopefully one day the view of Holmberg will be seen as just an opinion and will not influenced future generations on their views of what people are. Research Papers on The "Noble Savage" - Sociology EssayMind TravelCapital PunishmentAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeWhere Wild and West MeetAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Cultures in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultures in Organizations - Essay Example Among other tools used by managers to control behavior of employees, include working language, beliefs, symbols and acceptable habits at the organization. Such tools constitute an organizational culture and subcultures. Communication is an essential cultural aspect that influences the productivity of an organization. The management of the organization therefore invests most of its resources to manage the flow of information within the organization. Information for example is an equally important asset in an organization since the information influences the management, production and marketing among other important features of the organization. This explains the various policies that control the flow of information in the organization. Working language is a primary feature that manages the flow of information besides influencing the culture within the organization (Jex & Britt 77). Most organizations have an official operational language within the organization. Besides the use of a specific language, organizations also have specific channels of communication with certain media considered official. The use of video conferencing, telephones and emails have become official channels of communication th at expedites management operations. Deal and Kennedy define organizational culture liberally as the manner in which organizations operate. In their definition, they provide a number of organizational cultures defining the relationship among the employees and managers within the organization and the influence of such relationships in the productivity of the organization. Among the organizational cultures the two scholars propagate, include work hard play hard culture. The culture explains the operations of restaurants and fast food cafes. Such cultures have low risks and rapid results. Such cultures require cohesive organizations with the coordination between the management and the employees. Effective

The Economy of Real Estate in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Economy of Real Estate in China - Essay Example The current situation of real estate market in China is strongly linked to changes implemented in government policies. Regulators have also suggested that the short history of the real estate market in the country and the absence of investment options have resulted in the irrational enthusiasm currently witnessed. Prior to 1998, the government controlled the distribution of property while the real estate market itself participated only in secondary roles in â€Å"dual tracks† systems involving both market mechanics and government control (Shen & Liu 121). However, the rapid growth in the 21st century was also accompanied by numerous underlying problems, prompting the central government to implement measures that imposed restrictions such as checking interest rates and increasing deposits, especially in the commercial and residential categories. The current situation is characterized by high prices of housing, which is made worse by the sustained growth of the fundamentals of e conomics. This paper will analyze the economic issues in China and specifically focus on the real estate market. China shifted from a state-controlled to a market-centered economy in the 1980s. That move placed the country on a highly unprecedented economic growth path. This further led to more momentum in the 1990s after the privatization of the housing industry and the coming into existence of the property market and elimination of the work unit system. The scale of this change and the ensuing repercussions are key factors in the analysis of the economic growth in China. Further, data from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports that while real estate contributed only five percent of China’s GDP in 2000, it had grown to the current 15% by 2012 (Wang, Zan & Hongyu 44).

Balancing Work, School, and Family Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Balancing Work, School, and Family Life - Essay Example Human capital is fundamental for high productivity levels, stable personal relationships and successful educational pursuits. Reconciliation of work, education and family obligations is becoming a challenge to numerous persons and hindering substantial progress in each of these sectors (Mettler, 2007). The effective integration of these functions requires strategic planning that will enable allocation of ample time to each segment. Occupation and family constitute a chief part of women’s lives, and a considerable number of them are opting to forego the maternal route and solely focus on their careers. This paper examines the challenges of effectively integrating work, family and educational obligations and analyzes strategies to overcome the imbalance. Challenges of Balancing Work, School, and Family Life Work and educational and family responsibilities are not easily compatible especially if one is demanding significantly more time than the other. The urgency to generate suff icient income through undertaking more courses and the yearning to endow one’s children with utmost concern do not have to be equally exclusive. Numerous organizations and individuals perceive this as an escalating societal challenge that can affect the productivity of their employees. One of the challenges of this balancing act is increased workload; in instances where an employee’s job specification entails numerous responsibilities, it will be difficult to allocate time to indulge in family functions. The employee is bound to direct effort to their professions, and this can harm the child development. The absence of personal attention to the child during his/her development can influence that child to seek that attention elsewhere (Mettler, 2007). The likelihood of this child partaking in devious endeavors is high since the parents are not close to monitor his activities. In addition, in the contemporary societal arrangement women are increasingly becoming career or iented. Their ambition contradicts their former roles that were to manage the domestic duties including nurturing children to a level of self-sufficiency. The alterations of these responsibilities are due to economic conditions and shifting of societal perceptions that women need to match up to their male compatriots. There is a rise in the employment rates of women illustrating that this is a growing trend. Numerous women who are committed to extreme occupations tend to refer their children to daycare centre’s relieving themselves of the liability of monitoring the child’s actions (Mettler, 2007). The delegation of their parental responsibilities can haves serious implications for the family cohesion. Secondly, the current society advocates for high educational and professional threshold that individuals must attain. This increases the pressure to fulfill the necessities of these two obligations. Organizations nowadays engage in numerous transactions that require the employees to dedicate themselves wholly to their occupations to avoid impending discrepancies that can occur. For a learning employee, prolonged hours in a workplace can impede his performance in educational exams (Mettler, 2007). The insufficient attention to academic work and parental obligations initiate constraints, which impede the productivity of the employee. Moreover, these three obligations

Summary of Total Quality Management Model

Summary of Total Quality Management Model In the early 1990s, a philosophy of management called total quality management gained popularity. Its origins are traced to the ideas of U.S. quality experts W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Duran and highlighted by such programs as the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Total quality management (TQM) is defined as managing the entire organization so that it excels in all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer. As the definition states, this philosophy concentrates on quality as a primary component of the organizations drive for competitive advantage. Marketing decision-making is directly effected by such a system because quality is a component of product/service design and can be an important decision-making criterion employed by potential buyers. The TQM model goes beyond product and service quality, however, and suggests that a highly structured system of management that emphasizes mechanisms like control and punitive action which stifles people and ultimately hinders an organizations attempt to produce quality products and services. Rather, the organization that views all its employees as critical, creative resources will be much better able to pursue quality in every activity and through every decision. Some of the key tenets of TQM are: Every employee has creative skill and talent that can be beneficial to the organization, and employees should be empowered with decision-making responsibility and authority. An organization must engage in parallel and simultaneous decision making rather that hierarchical decision-making. Functions like marketing and production must work together and simultaneously to create solutions rather than waiting for another and engaging in reactive decision-making. An organization must replace a control mentality and structure with one that nurtures creativity and cross-functional participation in decision-making. Speed and quality are the essential dimensions of competitive advantage and should constitute the overriding objectives of the organization. The underlying premises of TQM are attractive. However, TQM can be a very costly and time-consuming process. Speed and quality are essential to the concept of TQM as they are to product development and the efforts by firms like Honda to cut development time and use speed as a strategic tool. The argument that rigid and hierarchical organizational structures suppress creativity and limit an organizations potential is a believable proposition. But, organisations are discovering that the concept of TQM has some practical hazards that make complete implementation difficult. Specifically, the following can compromise TQM as a management approach: Not all employees are capable of or desire to be empowered. Many employees, even at middle-management levels are content to make contributions to the organization by following rather than leading. It can be difficult to motivate employees to embrace corporate objectives over their own personal or career objectives. Effective implementation of TQM requires that corporate goals be placed ahead of personal goals. Effective implementation of TQM procedures presumes effective and swift communication within an organization in order for functional areas to operate simultaneously rather than hierarchically. Many organizations are unable to establish effective and rapid communications networks essential to the success of a TQM system. Implementation of a total quality system requires its own sort of bureaucracy, which itself can bog down the organization from the standpoints of both cost and speed of decision making. While TQM is an appealing philosophy, it remains to be seen whether it can be effectively implemented across complex organizations. Some firms, like Motorola, have had tremendous success with a TQM approach to management. Many other firms, however, have experienced almost insignificant quality increases when compared to the massive scale of the firms quality effort. Horizontal Management Structure The horizontal corporation may be the most radical of the new management systems being touted. A horizontal management structure is defined as managing across an organization rather than in a top-down, hierarchical fashion by identifying key processes and creating teams to manage them. The main premise of horizontal management structure borrows a dimension from TQM: the downward, hierarchical authority of an organization must be dismantled to take advantage of all corporate resources. In place of vertical authority, a new horizontal system is proposed that organizes a firm around processes rather than tasks. Such a horizontal structure is said to eliminate a task orientation and focus company resources on customers instead The following are the seven key elements of a horizontal structure management system: A Process Organizational Structure.Create a structure around processes rather than tasks. The entire company can be built around three to five core processes. A process owner is assigned to each. Horizontal Structure.Levels of supervision should be kept to a minimum by combining tasks within processes. The hierarchical nature of the organization should be flattened to resemble the activities. Team Management.Teams rather than managers will run processes. Each team is held accountable for performance within processes. Customer Satisfaction Drives Performance.Do away with old measures of performance like stock appreciation or profitability and use customer satisfaction instead: profits will follow if customers are satisfied? Team Performance Rewards.The evaluation and pay system should emphasize team not individual performance. Encourage the development of multiple skills rather than specialization. Maximum Supplier, Customer, Employee Contact.Employees must have direct and frequent contact with suppliers and customers. Find in-house teams where suppliers and customers can be participants. Inform and Train All Employees.Employees must be trusted with critical data and important decisions. Include all employees, not just leaders. The horizontal structure, like others, is intended to increase the speed and efficiency of activities and decision-making. So far, it has met with considerable success. ATT Network Systems Division has reorganized all of its 130 activities around 13 core processes and employee bonuses are based on customer satisfaction evaluations. Kodak has eliminated several vice-president level positions and uses self-directed teams to manage the areas instead. Finally, Xerox now handles its new product development through multi-disciplinary teams that work in a single process structure rather than vertical or even simultaneous functions. Re-engineering Reengineering as a management imperative is similar to the horizontal structure system with one major exception. Re-engineering focuses on the redesign of processes within an organization just as the horizontal system does. However, reengineering is not restricted to any particular redesign of processes. Rather, the entire organization is scrutinized from top to bottom to search for opportunities for improvement. Re-engineering is defined as the radical redesign of business processes to achieve major gains in cost, service, or time. Changing processes to achieve productivity or effectiveness gains does not distinguish reengineering from either TQM or a horizontal structure. There are, however, two distinctive aspects of reengineering. First, re-engineering examines the organization from the outside in and designs it around customers needs. The key question to be asked is, If we could start this company from scratch, how would it be designed? Second, reengineering promotes strong lead ership from the top, the Managing Director or Chief Executive Officer leads the organization. This is completely different from either TQM or a horizontal structure. Several firms have had tremendous success with reengineering. Union Carbide has used reengineering to cut U.S.$400 million out of the fixed costs of its operations over a three-year period. GTE reengineered its customer service operations from the outside in and created customer care centres. Before reengineering, customers had to deal with three different departments for line problems, billing questions, and special services. After reengineering, GTE has a single customer contact process where effectiveness is judged by how many times a problem can be solved without passing the customer on to another department. Reengineering is recommended for important, broad-based corporate and marketing processes like new product development and customer service rather than for specific strategic issues like cost or quality problems. The Virtual Corporation The virtual corporation is a management system in which several companies form a temporary network of joint ventures and alliances that come together quickly to exploit fast-changing opportunities. The virtual corporation is conceived of as a grouping of independent organization, manufacturers, service providers, suppliers, customers, and even competitors that are linked with information technology to share knowledge and skills. There is no central administration, no hierarchy, and no formal lines of authority. Rather, the virtual corporation is a group of collaborators that will come together temporarily to exploit market opportunities. Each partner in the alliance contributes what it is best at doing. (This sort of arrangement with an example of Toshiba Electronics global alliances). The key features of a virtual corporation management arrangement are: Excellence.Each partner in a virtual corporation alliance brings a core competence to the collaboration. In this way, each function and process can be world-class calibre. Technology.Global information networks will allow participants to create electronic links for sharing expertise and knowledge. Information superhighways could create electronic contracts without legal ties. Opportunism.The partnerships are temporary and created to exploit a specific market opportunity. Once the opportunity disappears, the alliance will likely disappear as well. Trust.The fate of each partner is dependent on the other. Trust is a key dimension in the successful performance of a virtual corporation. No Borders.The collaboration among customers, suppliers, producers, and competitors breaks down borders between organizations. The virtual corporation concept has its critics, but it also has brought together some of the most prominent names in the corporate world. ATT used Marubeni Trading Co. to establish a relationship with Matsushita Electric Industrial Co. to expedite the production of notebook computers, which were designed by a fourth partner, Henry Dreyfuss Associates. Corning, Inc., has 19 partnerships that account for nearly 13 percent of the firms earnings. Former rivals IBM, Apple, and Motorola have created an alliance to develop an operating system and microprocessor for a new generation of computers, the Power PC. Once again, this proposed corporate management system would have pervasive effects across the marketing systems of the firms involved. Product development speed and efficacy, customer service, sales effectiveness, and price levels all can be directly affected. The future of the virtual corporation vision is unknown. While it is conceptually intriguing, there are definite obstacles. The information technology is not quite in place; firms have never had to trust each other to the degree that this proposal calls for; and there may need to be changes in regulations related to antitrust and intellectual property before virtual corporations can actually be formed. A Global Perspective By now you have become accustomed to a discussion at this point of the global issues associated with a topic area. Successful cultivation of worldwide markets is by far the most formidable challenge faced by organisations. An organizations resources are pressed to their limits when foreign markets become the focus of the marketing effort. Case Study: What short-term marketing strategies did Harley-Davidson implement while it was developing the long-term strategy of redesigned engines? A Tale of Management Challenges By the start of the 1980s, Harley-Davidson, the last U.S. motorcycle maker, had seen its share of the super-heavyweight motorcycle market drop from 75 percent in 1973 to less than 25 percent. Quality in the production process was so poor that more than half the cycles produced came off the assembly line missing parts and were delivered to dealers inoperable. The big Harleys leaked oil, vibrated excessively, and were hard to start. Performance couldnt touch the new bullet bikes arriving from Japan with their breath-taking acceleration and silky smooth transmissions. Harley loyalists were still willing to get their hands greasy to fix the big bikes and to modify their performance, but new buyers who were fuelling the growth in the motorcycle market had no intention of doing so. Needless to say, Harley-Davidson faced a huge management challenge. As Vaugn Beals, chairman of Harley-Davidson, put it, We were being wiped out by the Japanese because they were better managers. It wasnt the ro botics, or culture, or morning calisthenics and company songsit was professional managers who understood their business and paid attention to detail.1 Beals devised a long-range plan to win customers and bring Harley-Davidsons back to prominence in the motorcycle market. The important change would be to upgrade performance with a new generation of engine designs. This transition would take up to ten years. Harley needed solutions much sooner to survive. Those solutions came in the form of marketing management decisions to implement short- and intermediate-term strategies: Willie G. Davidson created a series of cosmetic styling changes. In the five years before Harley could bring the new engines on line, he introduced a succession of new models -Super Glide, Low Rider, and Wide Glide that emulated the look of the choppers Harley fanatics were putting together themselves. With a decal here and a paint strip there the new models were a huge success. Beals and several managers toured a Honda assembly plant and came away knowing their manufacturing techniques were woefully outdated and costly. A manufacturing team introduced a just-in-time inventory program in the firms Milwaukee engine plant. Huge inventories and elaborate materials handling systems were eliminated with the program. The result was an increase in quality and a reduction in costs. In marketing, management shifted its focus away from trying to compete with the Japanese across several product lines and concentrated on developing the big-bike segment. In 1983, the company formed the Harley Owners Group (HOG) to develop a closer relationship with customers. Shortly afterward, a $3 million demonstration campaign was initiated called SuperRide, which invited bikers to visit any of the companys 600 dealers for a ride on a new Harley. The Role of Marketing Management In 1984, Harley-Davidson sales were a mere U.S.$294 million, which produced a profit of only U.S.$2.9 million. By 1993, sales had soared to over U.S.$1.2 billion and profits approached U.S.$75 million. Harley-Davidson has not only survived, but has prospered and grabbed nearly 50 percent market share in the super-heavy weight market. The leaders of the firm managed Harley-Davidson out of crisis: corporate resources were focused on an identifiable target market segment, marketing and manufacturing were integrated to contain costs, programs to attract customers and support dealers were initiated, and strategies for the short- and long-term target market development were conceived and implemented. As this episode in the history of Harley-Davidson highlights, the role of marketing management in an organization is to provide a mechanism for guiding marketing strategy development and implementation. No firm can compete effectively without performing basic tasks in the marketing mix: product development, pricing, distribution, and promotion. But, the difference between a firm that achieves mediocre results and a firm that prospers is often based on how much emphasis is placed on the management of marketing activities. Marketing management is critical to making the marketing process prominent in a firm. As the marketing process is granted unique status through focused management attention, the precision and impact of marketing activities increases. This demonstrates that managing marketing activities rather than simply implementing marketing tasks has a tremendous impact on the competitive strength and profitability of a firm. Marketing management involves specialized management efforts. A highly useful and well-articulated definition of marketing management is: The analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs designed to create, build, and maintain mutually beneficial exchanges and relationships with target markets for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. REFERENCES Points in the discussion of Harley-Davidson are taken from How Harley Beat Back the Japanese, Fortune (September 25, 1989) 155-164. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, 4th ed. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980), 22. Thomas A. Stewart, GE Keeps Those Ideas Coming, Fortune (August 12, 1991): 41-49.

The Internet: Few Rules and No Ethics Essay -- The Wild Wild West, 201

Laws regulate what we do in our everyday life. These rules, however can not keep up with technology. Laws existing to regulate the internet are few and difficult to enforce. A crackdown on internet misuse has begun with the creation of filtering software and the prosecutions of internet offenders. Issues such as child pornography and seducing children over the internet, the downloading and manipulation of copyrighted files and images, and the sharing or accessing of people’s private and personal information are just some of the ethical challenges we face in cyberspace. According to Maxwell Taylor and Ethel Quayle in â€Å"Child Pornography: An Internet Crime†, individuals who are involved in the world of internet child pornography are escaping from their real world lives. The two authors interviewed 13 different convicted offenders in order to understand what happens in this fantasy world and why so many are being lured in (victims, as well as offenders). Through their many conversations they discovered that there is a kind of community created over the internet. One where adult males (and a few adult females) collect and trade pictures of kids and teenagers (of all ages, sometimes including babies) who are posing nude or even involved in any sexual act with an adult. Most of these images are used for personal sexual gratification. There are some who use them like money to get more of these kinds of images, and like money in the physical world, the more you have the higher you are in status. The internet makes their interest readily available, giving them access to this kind of information in massive amounts and in seconds. This underground world becomes an addiction, and often leads to interaction w... ...ng doing, that there is harm being caused, and that they are responsible for their actions is, in my opinion, the first step that needs to be taken to solve this ethical dilemma. Works Cited Taylor, Maxwell and Ethel Quayle. Child Pornography: An Internet Crime. New York: Brunner & Routledge, 2003. Williamson, Larry and Eric Pierson. The Rhetoric of Hate on the Internet: HatePorn’s Challenge to Modern Media Ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. Volume 18, pp.256-267. Tompkins, Paula S. Truth, Trust, and Telepresence. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. Volume 18, pp.194-212. Kitross, Michael John and A. David Gordon. The Academy and Cyberspace Ethics. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. Volume 18, pp. 286-307. Nissenbaum, Helen. Hackers and the Contested Ontology of Cyberspace. New Media and Society. April 2004 volume 16, pp. 195-217.